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T Cells

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Nasal universal vaccine shows cross-protection against cold, flu, and COVID in mice
science3 days ago

Nasal universal vaccine shows cross-protection against cold, flu, and COVID in mice

A nasal vaccine candidate that trains frontline lung immunity shows promise in mice for broad protection against multiple respiratory infections (cold viruses, flu, and COVID) by boosting alveolar macrophages and T cells rather than targeting a single pathogen; it may also dampen allergic reactions. Human safety and efficacy remain unproven, and the best-case path to a human-ready vaccine is five to seven years, with protection in mice lasting up to about three months and many unknowns, including effects in older adults and on DNA viruses.

via The Conversation|
#alveolar-macrophages#mucosal-immunity#nasal-spray
Tailored mRNA vaccines spark durable T cell immunity in adjuvant TNBC
science9 days ago

Tailored mRNA vaccines spark durable T cell immunity in adjuvant TNBC

A phase study in 14 women with adjuvant-treated triple-negative breast cancer shows individualized neoantigen mRNA–LPX vaccines encoding up to 20 mutations elicit robust, multi-epitope CD4+/CD8+ T cell responses that persist for years and correlate with relapse-free outcomes in most patients (up to ~6 years). Vaccinated T cells differentiate into cytotoxic, late-stage effector and stem-like memory (TSCM) phenotypes, with durable clonal lineages detected long after vaccination. Three relapses occurred due to weak responses, MHC I loss, or a genetically distinct recurrent tumor. The findings demonstrate the feasibility of on-demand personalized RNA vaccines and provide insights into immune escape and memory formation to guide future immunotherapy strategies.

via Nature|
#immunotherapy#mrna-vaccine#neoantigen
MIT Study Reboots Aging Immunity by Turning Liver Into a T-Cell Factory
science29 days ago

MIT Study Reboots Aging Immunity by Turning Liver Into a T-Cell Factory

MIT researchers demonstrated in aging mice that delivering mRNA encoding key immune-signaling pathways causes the liver to transiently manufacture factors that boost thymus-driven T-cell production. This rejuvenation improved immune responses to vaccines and cancer immunotherapy with minimal side effects, and slowed tumor progression in treated mice. The therapy has not been tested in humans and would require ongoing injections to maintain benefits, but it represents a potential approach to counteract age-related immune decline and possibly broader aging processes.

via Yahoo|
#aging#immune-system#mrna
Liver signals rekindle aging immune response in mice
health1 month ago

Liver signals rekindle aging immune response in mice

Broad Institute researchers show in old mice that injecting mRNA into the liver triggers thymic signals (DLL1, FLT3-L, IL-7), reviving T-cell production. Over four weeks, older mice had more diverse T cells, stronger vaccine responses, and better anti-cancer activity, though the boost was temporary and human trials are needed, with the findings published in Nature.

via ScienceAlert|
#aging#health#immunology
Notch Timing Unlocks Lab-Grown Helper and Killer T Cells for Off-the-Shelf Immunotherapy
science1 month ago

Notch Timing Unlocks Lab-Grown Helper and Killer T Cells for Off-the-Shelf Immunotherapy

UBC researchers show that precisely tuning the duration and intensity of Notch signaling in stem cells can reliably steer them to become helper or killer T cells, enabling scalable, off-the-shelf immunotherapies for cancer and other diseases. This overcomes a long-standing bottleneck by producing both T cell types from renewable sources, potentially reducing manufacturing costs and time.

via Indian Defence Review|
#immunotherapy#notch-signaling#off-the-shelf
Unveiling Age-Related Changes in Immune Function Through Multi-Omic and Single-Cell Analyses
health-and-science4 months ago

Unveiling Age-Related Changes in Immune Function Through Multi-Omic and Single-Cell Analyses

This study uses multi-omic profiling over two years to reveal that in healthy adults, immune system changes with age are characterized by stable, transcriptional reprogramming of T cells, a progressive TH2 bias in memory T cells, and altered B cell responses to influenza vaccination, with minimal influence from chronic CMV infection or systemic inflammation prior to advanced age.

via Nature|
#b-cells#health-and-science#immune-aging