All articles tagged with #early universe
Astronomers studying the distant quasar ID830 find a supermassive black hole actively accreting at about 13 times the Eddington limit, powering gigantic radio jets and a bright X-ray corona. The extreme, short-lived super-Eddington phase challenges standard black hole growth models and supports the idea that early-universe SMBHs grew rapidly, shaping their host galaxies through intense outflows and radiation.
Astronomers using the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) and the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) have identified 70 dusty, star-forming galaxies at the edge of the observable universe, seen less than 1 billion years after the Big Bang. From an initial set of around 400 bright galaxies, JWST follow-up confirmed these candidates as metal-rich, suggesting that heavy-element production and star formation began earlier than current models predict, potentially reshaping our understanding of cosmic evolution and linking these galaxies to both ultrabright early systems and older, quiescent populations.
Physicists at the Large Hadron Collider recreated brief, Big-Bang–like conditions by colliding heavy nuclei, forming a droplet of quark-gluon plasma that behaves more like a liquid than a gas. By tagging quarks with Z bosons, researchers observed a tiny wake and a sub-percent dip in particle production, indicating energy transfer to the plasma and opening new avenues to study the primordial state of matter, as reported in Physics Letters B.
Astronomers using the James Webb Space Telescope and the Chandra X-ray Observatory have captured the clearest image yet of a galaxy protocluster, JADES‑ID1, located about 12.7 billion light‑years away. The structure hosts at least 66 galaxies with a combined mass of roughly 20 trillion suns, embedded in a huge cloud of hot gas detected in X‑rays. Formed when the universe was about 1 billion years old, this protocluster appears more massive and earlier than current cosmological models predict, sparking questions about how such enormous structures grow in the early universe.
Using JWST's infrared data and Chandra's X-ray observations, astronomers report JADES-ID1, a massive protocluster about 12.7 billion light-years away, containing at least 66 galaxies and a surrounding hot gas cloud; its mass is estimated at ~20 trillion suns and it spans ~1.1 million light-years, existing when the universe was ~1 billion years old, challenging models that such large structures should form later by 2–3 billion years after the Big Bang.
Astronomers using the James Webb Space Telescope and the Chandra X-ray Observatory identified JADES-ID1 as a protocluster with at least 66 galaxies and enveloped in million-degree gas, already amassing about 20 trillion solar masses just one billion years after the Big Bang—far earlier than models predict and prompting questions about how the universe’s largest structures form.
JWST observations of CEERS2-588 at redshift 11.04 (about 400 million years after the Big Bang) reveal a surprisingly massive (≈1.26 billion solar masses) and metal-rich galaxy with a high star-formation rate (~8.2 solar masses per year) and no AGN activity, implying efficient, episodic starbursts and rapid quenching that challenge current models of early galaxy formation.
A ten-second, ultra-distant gamma-ray burst (GRB 250314A) at z=7.3 (~13.1 billion years old) sparked a rapid, global follow-up, with JWST resolving its explosion as a supernova similar to modern Type II events. The findings imply massive stars were dying and enriching their surroundings within the universe’s first billion years, challenging Population III star death models and suggesting comparatively mature stellar processes occurred far earlier than previously thought.
The James Webb Space Telescope’s Little Red Dots are identified as accreting direct-collapse black holes formed directly from primordial gas in the early universe. Radiation–hydrodynamic simulations show these objects reproduce Webb’s observations—weak X-ray emission, metal and high-ionization lines, lack of star-formation features, compact sizes, and redshift evolution—solving the timing problem of how supermassive black holes could appear so early and signaling JWST is witnessing black hole seed formation.
NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope confirmed the bright galaxy MoM-z14 existed about 280 million years after the Big Bang (redshift 14.44), pushing the observable frontier of the universe farther back than expected and suggesting early galaxies were more luminous than models predicted. The finding sheds light on the reionization era and nitrogen enrichment in the first galaxies, with Webb’s results hinting at a richer early universe than theorized and paving the way for thousands of similar discoveries with future missions like the Roman Space Telescope.
NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope has detected MoM-z14, the farthest galaxy observed to date, about 13.5 billion years back (roughly 280 million years after the Big Bang). The galaxy is brighter, more compact, and chemically enriched than expected for such an early epoch, challenging existing models of early star and galaxy formation and suggesting the early universe may have evolved more rapidly than theories predicted.
Physicists analyzing LHC data from CERN used Z bosons as markers to track quarks moving through quark-gluon plasma, confirming that this primordial soup behaves like a liquid and creates wake patterns as it’s disturbed, a finding that supports long-standing theories about the early universe and provides new ways to study the properties of this exotic fluid.
Using the James Webb Space Telescope and NASA’s Chandra X-ray Observatory, scientists observed the most distant protocluster yet seen, JADES-ID1, forming when the universe was about 1 billion years old. Light from this building cluster has travelled 12.7 billion years to reach Earth, revealing multiple galaxies bound by gravity within a surrounding cloud of hot gas and X‑ray emission. The finding—published in Nature—suggests galaxy clusters grew far more quickly in the early universe than current models had predicted, raising new questions about how these massive structures assembled.
NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope has confirmed MoM-z14 as the most distant galaxy observed to date, with a redshift of 14.44 implying its light has traveled about 13.5 billion years—roughly 280 million years after the Big Bang. The galaxy is exceptionally compact yet luminous, about 50 times smaller than the Milky Way, signaling intense early star formation and raising questions about nitrogen production in the infant universe. It surpasses the previous record holder and demonstrates Webb’s power to illuminate the cosmos’s infancy and refine models of early galaxy growth.
NASA's James Webb Space Telescope identified the galaxy MoM-z14 as it appeared about 280 million years after the Big Bang (redshift 14.44), meaning light has traveled roughly 13.5 billion years. Its brightness and nitrogen enrichment exceed predictions for such an early object, challenging current models and hinting at new physics or star-formation pathways during the epoch of reionization; follow-up spectroscopy is needed to confirm details and refine our picture of the early Universe.