
War drains birthrates in Ukraine and Russia, signaling long-term economic strain
Four years of Russia's invasion have driven Ukraine’s fertility rate to about 1.00 births per woman in 2025, with some estimates as low as 0.8–0.9. Russia’s fertility rate has fallen to around 1.37 in 2025 despite incentives to boost births, and the combined demographic squeeze—due to war, displacement and insecurity—could depress future labor supply and growth for both countries, even after peace, with migration likely to continue.













