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Social Structure

All articles tagged with #social structure

Tooth-marked orca fins hint cannibalism shapes tight-knit pods
science1 day ago

Tooth-marked orca fins hint cannibalism shapes tight-knit pods

Live Science reports two washed-up orca dorsal fins from southern resident orcas found on Russia’s Bering Island, each bearing distinctive killer-whale tooth marks. Genetic testing links the fins to southern residents, while researchers say mammal-eating Bigg’s killer whales may have preyed on them, suggesting occasional cannibalism. The study posits that predation pressure by Bigg’s could help explain why resident, fish-eating orcas form large, protective family groups, though some scientists urge caution and note scavenging or other explanations could account for the marks.

Ecology and Social Complexity Shape Primate Same-Sex Behavior
science1 month ago

Ecology and Social Complexity Shape Primate Same-Sex Behavior

A global synthesis of 491 primate species finds that same-sex sexual behavior (SSB) is widespread and its occurrence is driven by both environmental pressures (drier habitats, food scarcity, predation) and social factors (larger sexual dimorphism, longer lifespans, more complex hierarchies). Structural equation modelling suggests environmental and life-history traits affect SSB mainly indirectly, while social complexity directly promotes it, highlighting SSB as a context-dependent trait shaping primate evolution and sexual diversity.

"Whale Menopause: A Key to Longevity Revealed"
science-and-nature2 years ago

"Whale Menopause: A Key to Longevity Revealed"

Scientists have found that menopause in whales, like in humans, may contribute to longer lifespans, particularly in species with a social structure where females can help their offspring and grand-offspring. The study, published in Nature, suggests that menopause allows female whales to survive longer and support their families by sharing food and knowledge. This phenomenon is observed in only five species of toothed whales, and it is believed to have evolved to prevent competition for mates with younger females. The findings highlight the parallel between human and whale societies and shed light on the evolution of menopause in mammals.

"The Grandmother Hypothesis: How Whale Menopause Sheds Light on Human Evolution"
biology2 years ago

"The Grandmother Hypothesis: How Whale Menopause Sheds Light on Human Evolution"

Researchers at the University of Exeter studied five species of whales, including orcas and narwhals, to understand the evolutionary purpose of menopause in mammals. Their findings, published in the journal Nature, suggest that older female whales go through menopause to help care for younger generations, supporting the "grandmother hypothesis." The study compared toothed whale species that go through menopause with those that don't, finding that the former have longer lifespans, allowing for more overlap between generations in family groups. This research sheds light on the important role of grandmothers in whale social structures and may offer insights into the role of older women in human societies.

Unraveling Neolithic Lineage: France's Largest Genetic Family Tree Mapped with Ancient DNA
archaeology2 years ago

Unraveling Neolithic Lineage: France's Largest Genetic Family Tree Mapped with Ancient DNA

Archaeologists in France have reconstructed the largest-ever genetic family tree for Neolithic people using ancient DNA. The family trees, based on a 6,700-year-old funerary site in northern France, span multiple generations and include 94 individuals. The study revealed a patrilineal pattern of descent, with men staying within the community and women coming from elsewhere. The community showed no signs of inbreeding and appeared to practice monogamy. The research provides insights into the social structure and movement of Neolithic communities.