A review in JAMA discusses advances in geroscience, a field aiming to slow aging and extend health span through interventions like caloric restriction, metformin, rapamycin, and senolytics, potentially transforming aging from a health problem into an opportunity for healthier, longer lives.
A common blood pressure medication, rilmenidine, has been shown to extend lifespan in worms and mice by activating cellular pathways associated with caloric restriction, suggesting potential for anti-aging therapies in humans. The drug works by binding to imidazoline receptors, promoting autophagy and stress resistance, and could offer a practical alternative to calorie restriction for healthy aging.
A new tool called DunedinPACE can assess the pace of aging at a cellular level, revealing that a low-calorie diet, longer education, metal exposure, childhood hardships, and the Mediterranean diet all impact aging. The tool has shown that reducing caloric intake by 25% can slow aging by 2-3%, while staying in school longer correlates with slower aging and longer lifespan. Metal exposure accelerates aging, and children facing hardships age faster. Additionally, the Mediterranean diet slows aging and reduces the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease.
Geroscientists are studying how to maintain or enhance the function of physical systems that fade over time to prevent age-related diseases. Israeli researchers presented their latest findings on the biology of aging at the Longevity Nation conference, including personalized cell therapy to restore mitochondrial function, increasing VEGF signaling capacity to delay vascular aging, eliminating senescent cells to extend lifespan, and activating SIRT6 enzyme to block frailty. The role of genetics and environment in exceptional longevity was also discussed, with the "switch theory" suggesting that ELIs have many more "dimmer switches" to adapt to any given environment.