Uncovering Ancient Galaxies' Rare Molecular Treasures

Scientists have discovered a rare collection of 13 different molecules in two ancient galaxies that existed over 12 billion years ago. Using the NOEMA radio telescope array, the team detected emissions from molecules such as carbon monoxide, water, and radicals of organic molecules. The findings provide insights into the star formation processes and environments in these early galaxies, suggesting the presence of more massive stars and a "top-heavy initial mass function." This discovery represents the largest collection of molecules ever detected in galaxies at such extreme distances.