Revolutionary Topical Vaccine Cream Replaces Needles Using Skin Bacteria

Stanford University scientists have developed a topical vaccine using the skin bacterium Staphylococcus epidermidis, which could replace traditional needle-based vaccinations. This innovative approach, tested in mice, showed that the bacterium can trigger a strong immune response, producing antibodies against diseases like tetanus without causing inflammation or pain. The research suggests potential for a wide range of applications, including protection against viruses and other pathogens, with plans to advance to clinical trials in the near future.