Japan bets on deep-sea rare earths to tilt reliance from China
A Japanese research vessel sails to Minamitori Island to test lifting rare-earth seabed sludge from 6 km deep, as Tokyo seeks to diversify its supply away from China amid export controls; the month-long test could lead to a full-scale mining trial by 2027 if economics improve, backed by stockpiles and overseas projects to reduce dependence on Chinese supplies of critical minerals.











