
"Exploring Europa: The Debate on Sending Humans"
While Europa, Jupiter's icy moon, has a massive liquid ocean that could potentially harbor life, sending humans there is deemed a terrible idea due to the intense radiation environment. Even radiation-hardened spacecraft electronics require thick shielding to survive. An orbital colony could fare better, but it would still face major logistical challenges and would require external support for food and breathable air, which would be a decade away. Overall, human exploration of Europa is currently deemed infeasible and unlikely to provide more benefit than orbiting spacecraft, landers/rovers, or autonomous drills.


