China's Space Program Faces New Challenges: Tiangong Space Station and GSSAP Threats

Trends in China's utilization of the Tiangong space station, such as involving civilian astronauts and non-state-owned enterprise companies, could change the global perception of China's space program, according to a report from the Department of the Air Force's China Aerospace Studies Institute. This could lead to improved standing in joint programs with the United Nations and potentially encourage the European Space Agency to reassess its decision to not participate in the Tiangong program. The development of commercialization efforts and the solicitation for non-state-owned enterprise proposals for resupply vehicles will also impact the long-term development of China's space program and global perception of it. These changes may bring greater transparency and outside assessments, but the independence of Chinese commercial companies from state-owned entities and PLA influence will be a factor. Additionally, Tiangong could be seen as a competitor to commercial ventures engaged in the International Space Station, while China and the U.S. seek partners for their respective lunar programs.