JWST unveils early universe's secrets through distant observations.

The James Webb Space Telescope has captured images of seven galaxies that make up the youngest protocluster ever seen by astronomers, just 650 million years after the Big Bang. The protocluster will eventually grow in mass and size by incorporating galaxies, forming a galactic cluster that resembles the Coma Cluster. The observation of these galaxies could help scientists better understand how the cosmos has evolved over its 13.8-billion-year existence. The team was able to determine that the galaxies are moving at over 2 million mph through a halo of dark matter, and the key to doing this was precise measurements captured by Webb's Near-Infrared Spectrograph.