Sleep Debt Triggers Wakeful Brain Cleanup at Attention's Expense

MIT researchers found that after sleep deprivation, brief attention lapses coincide with cerebrospinal fluid moving out of the brain—an event normally seen during sleep to clear waste. The brain appears to enter a sleep-like state during wakefulness to restore function, trading attention for fluid flow, with slowing breathing, lower heart rate, and pupil constriction; EEG/fMRI data from 26 volunteers point to the noradrenergic system, and findings were published in Nature Neuroscience.