Earth's Future: Supercontinent and Extreme Heat Threaten Mass Extinction

A study predicts that the formation of a supercontinent, Pangea Ultima, on Earth in 250 million years could lead to a mass extinction event, wiping out humans and other mammals. The extinction would be caused by increased volcanic activity, resulting in higher levels of carbon dioxide, a hotter sun emitting more radiation, and extensive inland deserts in the tropics. The extreme climate of Pangea Ultima would see dramatic temperature extremes, with rising global temperatures of up to 15C (30C on land) above pre-industrial levels. The study highlights the challenges mammals, including humans, would face in adapting to the extreme heat and food supply problems. The research also suggests that tectonics should be considered when assessing the habitability of other planets.