CALET detects charge-sign dependent cosmic ray modulation.

The CALorimetric Electron Telescope (CALET) has observed that the count rates of electrons in galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) are more strongly influenced by solar modulation than that of protons. The study analyzed over 0.77 million electrons and 1.26 million protons collected over a six-year period and found that the variation in the count rates of electrons was significantly higher than that of protons during this period, suggesting that electrons are more susceptible to the effects of solar modulation. The observations made by CALET could help better understand the space weather and its effects on the possibility of potential life on the moon and other planets.