Unveiling the Universe: From Big Bang Certainty to Cosmic Beginnings

The Big Bang theory, which describes the universe's origin as a massive expansion nearly 14 billion years ago, is supported by evidence such as the cosmic microwave background radiation and the expansion of galaxies. While the theory is widely accepted, the exact conditions at the universe's inception remain uncertain due to the limitations of current physics, particularly in reconciling general relativity with quantum mechanics. Cosmic inflation, a rapid expansion phase, is thought to have shaped the universe's large-scale structure, but the precise nature of the universe's beginning, potentially involving spacetime foam, remains a mystery.