Probiotic delivery matters: capsules boost memory, powder supports mood in older adults

A randomized trial in adults aged 60–80 shows that how probiotics are prepared alters their brain effects: encapsulated bacteria survive digestion longer and enhance memory, attention, and orientation, while non-encapsulated powder more strongly improves mood and reduces anxiety/depression. MRI-based brain connectivity differences between the two forms suggest the delivery method can personalize brain health strategies for aging, targeting cognition or emotional well-being.