Researchers used non-invasive transcranial ultrasound stimulation to target the nucleus accumbens, a deep brain structure involved in motivation, and found it enhanced reward learning in humans within 60 seconds, suggesting potential for treating mental health disorders without surgery.
A study by researchers at the University of Pittsburgh and Columbia University reveals that the cerebellum, traditionally associated with motor control, also plays a crucial role in reward-based learning and forming new visuomotor associations. By training monkeys to associate visual cues with hand movements for rewards, the study shows that blocking a specific region of the cerebellum impairs the ability to learn new associations, highlighting its contribution to cognitive functions. This discovery expands our understanding of the cerebellum's role beyond motor control and offers insights into addressing non-motor symptoms in individuals with cerebellar disorders.