A recent study highlights the role of mitochondria, the energy-producing organelles in brain cells, as key mediators linking stress, trauma, and mental health. Chronic stress and social isolation impair mitochondrial function, leading to mental and physical health issues, but lifestyle interventions like exercise and therapy can restore mitochondrial health and resilience.
Scientists have identified a complete respiratory supercomplex in mitochondria, responsible for generating ATP, the all-purpose energy molecule. The supercomplex is made up of four membrane protein complexes, labeled as complex I, II, III, and IV, which create an energy gradient harnessed by complex V to synthesize ATP. Researchers have discovered that complex II can also form part of a supercomplex, which optimizes the process for ATP formation. The structure of the supercomplex varies and is adapted to exist in curved membranes, providing insight into how nature adapts protein complexes to new environments to maintain function.
