Unveiling the Mysteries of Proton's Inner Structure and Gluonic Gravitational Form Factors.

Scientists have determined the gluonic gravitational form factors of the proton, which describe the distribution of the proton's mass and energy. The research was conducted using data from an electron-proton scattering experiment and analyzed using quantum chromodynamics and lattice QCD. The results provide insight into the structure of the proton and could aid in the development of an electron-ion collider, a proposed particle accelerator that could further advance our understanding of the fundamental building blocks of matter.