Impending Cataclysm: 'Factor X' Lurks in Earth's Permafrost

Scientists are concerned that as the Earth's permafrost continues to thaw due to climate change, dormant deadly diseases and ancient pathogens could be unleashed. The permafrost contains trillions of microbes, including viruses and bacteria, some of which may have been on Earth long before humans existed. The thawing permafrost could release known infections like anthrax, as well as unknown ancient viruses to which we have no natural immunity. Insects like mosquitoes and ticks could also spread these viruses further. Additionally, the thawing permafrost could release hazardous substances like mercury, nuclear waste, and heavy metals. The rush for mining in the polar regions could accelerate the thawing process and increase the risk of spreading these diseases. Collaborative research projects with Russia have been halted due to the war in Ukraine, hindering our understanding of the permafrost. To mitigate these risks, a holistic approach to public health and slowing climate change is necessary.