Scientists are proposing the construction of a massive space umbrella to deflect 1% to 2% of the sun's radiation in an effort to cool the Earth as a response to rising temperatures. The logistics and cost of such a project are immense, with estimates suggesting the need for a shield the size of Argentina. While the idea may seem far-fetched, similar proposals have been gaining traction as potential pieces of the puzzle in addressing climate change.
Researchers at The Ohio State University have conducted experiments to explore the potential of ultrasound in degrading per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), also known as "forever chemicals," in contaminated groundwater. The study found that ultrasound can effectively degrade smaller PFAS compounds, which are typically more challenging to treat using other methods. Ultrasound works by emitting low-frequency sound waves that create cavitation bubbles, generating heat that breaks down the stable carbon-fluorine bonds in PFAS. While this method is energy-intensive, it may be a valuable technology for protecting groundwater from PFAS contamination. The research suggests that ultrasound should be considered for future treatment technology development and combined-treatment approaches.
A study published in April by Yale’s environmental engineering program has replaced the “solution-diffusion” model of reverse osmosis with a “solution-friction” theory that water molecules travel in clusters through tiny, transient pores within the polymer, which exert friction on them as they pass through. This breakthrough could help people design membrane materials or structures that make desalination more efficient or better at screening out undesirable chemicals, and improve municipal water systems.
