In 2025, Israel conducted at least 10,631 attacks across multiple countries and territories, with Gaza being the most affected, resulting in significant casualties and repeated ceasefire violations, marking one of the broadest military offensives in a single year according to ACLED data.
Russian forces have intensified their attacks in eastern Ukraine, particularly in the town of Avdiivka, as they seek to secure territorial gains before the end of the year. Despite little change in the frontlines, fighting remains intense, with Russia doubling its artillery fire, airstrikes, and ground infantry attacks. The improved weather conditions have allowed Russia to intensify its assaults and use drones again. Concerns have been raised over increased fighting near the Zaporizhzhia nuclear power station. Ukraine has managed to hold off the Russian bombardment and still controls a vital supply road. Russian losses are mounting, but Ukraine warns that Moscow is prepared to throw unlimited numbers of soldiers into the war. Both sides have claimed downing enemy drones and missiles. Ukraine is bracing for increased attacks on its energy infrastructure, while tensions with Russia escalate in Estonia.
Russian forces are escalating attacks in eastern Ukraine, particularly in the town of Avdiivka, as they seek to secure territorial gains before the end of the year. Despite little change in the frontlines, fighting remains intense, with Russia intensifying artillery fire, airstrikes, ground infantry attacks, and the use of armored vehicles. The weather conditions have improved, allowing for increased assaults and the use of drones. Ukraine's forces are holding the line, but Russian losses are mounting. Both sides claim to have downed enemy drones and missiles. Ukraine is preparing for increased attacks on its energy infrastructure, while diplomatic support from the US and its allies for Ukraine remains steadfast.
Ukrainian attacks on Russia's Black Sea Fleet have intensified, causing significant damage and potentially diminishing Moscow's ability to defend its assets, according to UK intelligence. The attacks, including missile strikes on the fleet's headquarters, have been described as more coordinated and damaging than previous actions. While the fleet remains capable of core wartime missions, its ability to conduct wider regional security patrols and enforce a blockade of Ukrainian ports is likely to be diminished. The ongoing conflict in the Black Sea is forcing Russia into a reactive posture and undermining its symbolic and strategic power projection from the occupied Crimean Peninsula.
Russian air attacks in Ukraine kill three people and damage civilian facilities, while Ukraine claims to have destroyed 16 out of 28 cruise missiles launched by Russia. Ukrainian President visits front-line troops, while Russian Defence Minister claims Ukraine's ability to fight is almost exhausted. Sweden pledges military aid to Ukraine, and Russia's central bank raises interest rates amid falling ruble value. Belarusian Defence Minister warns of a potential military clash with NATO, and three suspected Russian spies are arrested in the UK. Latvia strengthens border security with Belarus, and Latvia's state security service finds invitations for Latvians to join the Russian mercenary force Wagner. Polish President commemorates Ukrainian soldiers who fought against the Bolsheviks, and a court in Moscow fines Reddit for not deleting "banned content" related to Russia's invasion of Ukraine. Ukraine threatens to boycott the Olympic Games if Russia and Belarus are allowed to participate.
Russia continues to launch military attacks in Eastern Ukraine, causing outrage among the international community. A video showing Russian soldiers executing Ukrainian prisoners has sparked further condemnation. The conflict between Russia and Ukraine has been ongoing since 2014, with Russia annexing Crimea and supporting separatist rebels in Eastern Ukraine.