"Discovery of Spontaneous Toroidal Polar Topology in Helielectric Nematic State"
Researchers have discovered a spontaneous toroidal polar topology in the helielectric nematic state, a ferroelectric liquid-matter phase with polarized helices. This topology is generated through a flexoelectric effect, leading to the formation of previously unknown polar topological structures. The findings could pave the way for new polar topologies and the development of switchable ferroelectric-liquid-matter optoelectronic devices.