ESA's reusable rocket demonstrator Themis has been fully assembled and is now standing on its launch pad in Kiruna, Sweden, marking a significant step towards testing full-scale vertical take-off and landing technologies using cryogenic propulsion.
Intuitive Machines' lunar lander, Odysseus, made history as the first American hardware to reach the moon since 1972 and the first privately built spacecraft to land on the moon. Its groundbreaking propulsion system, using cryogenic liquid oxygen and liquid methane, could revolutionize space missions by providing safer and more efficient fuel options. This technology has implications for future space exploration, including NASA's Artemis missions, and could enable spacecraft to take more direct trajectories and reduce exposure to radiation.