Beyond animal testing: NAMs reshape the path of science
TL;DR Summary
Governments from the UK, US, and EU are accelerating plans to reduce or phase out animal testing, backed by rapid advances in new approach methodologies (NAMs) such as organs-on-chips, organoids, and AI-based models. Regulators are beginning to accept NAM data and fund or pilot related tools (e.g., FDA ISTAND), and industry is investing in human biology models. Yet experts warn that many biological systems remain too complex for non-animal methods, and full replacement will take time; the trend is a staged 3Rs-driven decline, not an immediate end to animal research.
- The age of animal experiments is waning. Where will science go next? Nature
- How to submit | Reducing animal testing: organoids, organ on a chip, and virtual cells Nature
- Is the Era of Animal Testing Ending for Rare Diseases PharmTech.com
- Animal testing is everywhere. But it doesn't have to be. Humane World for Animals
- Replacing animals in science: what the UK’s new strategy means Drug Target Review
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