Lyme disease vaccine on the horizon for 2025.

Moderna, Pfizer, and Valneva are developing vaccines against Lyme disease, which has nearly doubled in cases since 1991, particularly due to climate change. Pfizer and Valneva's vaccine candidate is already in late-stage clinical trials, but they can still apply for FDA approval as early as 2025. The most efficient way to protect against Lyme disease is by using insect repellent and wearing clothes that cover your skin in areas with high tick populations, as well as checking yourself for ticks.