"Controversy Surrounds Alabama's First Nitrogen Gas Execution: A Brief History of the Death Penalty"

The spiritual adviser for Kenneth Eugene Smith, who was executed by nitrogen gas in Alabama, described the process as "absolutely horrific," with Smith convulsing and experiencing involuntary movements for 22 minutes, contrary to the state's prediction of unconsciousness within seconds and death within minutes. Critics argue that the execution violated constitutional rights and was cruel and experimental, while the state attorney general maintains that it was an effective and humane method.