Quantum states are real: the 2012 theorem reshaping quantum reality
The article argues that the Pusey-Barrett-Rudolph (PBR) theorem, proven in 2012, shows the quantum state must be ontic (a property of reality) under three basic assumptions, ruling out epistemic hidden-variable interpretations and implying the wavefunction has real physical status. This places quantum foundations on firmer ground, clarifies debates about reality vs. knowledge in quantum mechanics, and underscores the theorem’s impact alongside ongoing quantum technologies that exploit entanglement and nonlocality.