Summer 2025 is characterized by a lack of dominant trends, with no clear pop culture hit or aesthetic defining the season, leading to a chaotic and fragmented cultural landscape marked by AI influence, media saturation, and individualistic pursuits.
The debate over the origin of science continues as historians explore the global origins of modern science, challenging the traditional Eurocentric narrative. James Poskett's book, "Horizons," argues that science was not limited to Europe but was a global effort, influenced by various cultures and their observations of the natural world. While Poskett's broad definition of science includes organized knowledge production, it raises questions about whether certain criteria, such as experiments and models, are necessary for something to be considered science. The book highlights the importance of non-European cultures' contributions to science but does not provide a counter-argument to the broader definition.
Gulf film fans are now traveling to Saudi Arabia to watch films that are banned in their home countries. Less than a decade ago, Saudis had to travel to neighboring countries to go to the cinema, but with the lifting of the 35-year ban on cinemas in Saudi Arabia, the country now has a growing cinema industry. In a reversal of historical cultural trends, residents of neighboring countries are now journeying to Saudi Arabia to bypass strict cinema restrictions at home. The recent ban of Warner Bros.' film Barbie in Kuwait and potential ban in Lebanon has led Kuwaiti residents to cross the border to Saudi Arabia to watch the film, highlighting the progress Saudi Arabia has made in its film industry in just a few years.