China's Export Restrictions on Key Battery Material Raise Concerns for Battery Supply Chains
China has imposed export controls on graphite, a crucial mineral used in steel and electric car batteries, escalating the trade dispute with the United States over clean energy technologies. The restrictions, effective from December 1, ban the export of artificial graphite and products made with it without government permission. China is the world's top producer and exporter of graphite, with the US being the largest importer. As demand for graphite grows, the US is seeking alternatives to China, with a focus on countries in Africa. Efforts to permit new mines in the US have faced opposition due to concerns about pollution. China's dominance in critical minerals has prompted other countries to prioritize domestic mining and processing.