Earth's Core: Birthplace of Mysterious Crystal-Churning Layer

Scientists have discovered that a mysterious layer surrounding Earth's core, known as the E' layer, is likely formed by water leaking down from the surface and reacting with the outer core's metallic surface. This reaction produces silica crystals, which are then fed into the mantle. The E' layer is believed to be hydrogen-rich and silica-depleted, contrary to previous assumptions. The researchers suggest that the layer took over 1 billion years to reach its current thickness, making it potentially older than the inner core. These findings indicate a more dynamic interaction between the core and mantle than previously thought.