Russia successfully test-launched a Bulava sea-based intercontinental ballistic missile from its new nuclear-powered strategic missile submarine cruiser, "Emperor Alexander the Third."
China has launched its first nuclear-powered guided missile submarines, according to a Pentagon report, marking the country's entry into a domain previously dominated by the US and Russia. The submarines, known as Type 093B guided missile submarines, will give China the ability to conduct long-range precision strikes against land targets, significantly enhancing its power projection capability. The report suggests that three of these submarines could be operational by next year, as part of China's wider expansion of its submarine fleet, which could number 65 vessels by 2025. The development of these submarines is seen as an important new capability for the Chinese navy, allowing them to carry out saturated land and anti-ship attacks at standoff range.
The British Royal Navy is collaborating with the US Navy to build a new class of nuclear-powered ballistic-missile submarines called Dreadnoughts. These submarines will have the same missile compartment as the US Navy's new missile subs and will serve as part of Britain's continuous at-sea deterrent. The Dreadnoughts will be the largest submarines ever built by the UK, featuring advanced technologies such as a new nuclear reactor, quieting features, an angular design to deflect sonar waves, and optronic masts. The construction and delivery of the Dreadnoughts are being overseen by the Submarine Delivery Agency, with BAE Systems and Rolls Royce forming a collaborative alliance for the project.