Ukraine War by the Numbers: Four Years In, Costs Mount
Four years into Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, the war shows little sign of ending, with massive casualties, widespread displacement, and only modest battlefield gains. CSIS estimates up to 1.8 million military casualties across both sides (Russia ~1.2 million; Ukraine ~500,000–600,000). Civilian tolls include about 15,000 dead and more than 40,000 injured, with 2,514 civilian deaths in 2025 alone. About 5.9 million Ukrainians have fled abroad and millions more are displaced internally; Russia occupies roughly 19.4% of Ukrainian land, up from about 7% before the invasion. Foreign military aid to Kyiv fell ~13% in 2025 versus the 2022–24 average, though Europe stepped up while U.S. weapons funding waned. Health-care facilities have been hit in 2,881 attacks. The data underscore a grinding conflict with heavy costs and uncertain prospects for a breakthrough.