"Russia's Defense and Ukraine's Counteroffensive: Scenarios and Updates"

Russian troops have constructed extensive defensive fortifications, including anti-tank ditches, minefields, concrete “dragon's teeth,” iron “hedgehogs,” intricate trench networks, and barbed wire fences, along the entire front line and within the depths of the occupied territories in Ukraine. Breaking through such a layered defense without heavy losses will be extremely challenging for the Ukrainian armed forces, and success can only be achieved through coordinated actions by different branches of the armed forces. However, the effectiveness of these defenses will largely depend on Russian troops' ability to repel the Ukrainian armed forces' assault, and the morale of Russian soldiers is variable.