Spain blocks Iran-war flights, yet US bases stay active in other roles

Spain has closed its airspace to flights involved in Operation Epic Fury against Iran and barred use of the Rota and Morón bases for war aircraft, with only emergency transit exceptions. Yet US forces continue to operate from Spain under bilateral security arrangements, while bomber and tanker missions have shifted to other European sites (e.g., Fairford in the UK and Istres in France) and allied naval and air defenses—like US destroyers from Rota and Patriot batteries at Incirlik—continue to play regional roles. Madrid says it will not join the war, balancing NATO/EU commitments with a stance against the conflict, a balance that could shape future tensions with Washington and other allies.