Trump’s War Playbook: Ambiguity as Strategy

Richard Fontaine argues that Trump’s approach to war abandons the Powell Doctrine’s emphasis on clear objectives, exit strategies, and broad public authorization in favor of ambiguity, surprise, and limited, flexible force to gain leverage—from Iran to Venezuela. While this can yield quick gains and avoid protracted quagmires, it risks unclear end-states, escalation, and a dangerous aftermath if regime change proves unachievable or if the United States must own the consequences.